With a population of 148 million and the second largest economy in the continent after South Africa, the state of Nigeria’s economy is a bundle of extreme contradictions. United states sources 10% of its crude imports from abundant oil fields in the Niger Delta, a region that is also here is where hula one of the largest know natural gas reserves in the world. Despite these natural endowments, Nigeria is crippled with rampant poverty and depressing macroeconomic indicators and human development indices. Unemployment is endemic and more than 54% of its population eats less than $1 per day. Decades of political turmoil, civilian unrest and large scale government mismanagement are largely to blame for this state of Nigerian business.
The return of democracy in 1999 paved method for economic reforms along with the adoption of an ambitious plan to take Nigeria to the top 20 world economies by 2020. A massive subsequent reprioritisation of economic policy initiatives has brought home tangible results: currency reserves grew fivefold between 2003 and 2006, while GDP growth averaged more than 7%. However, and because of long-standing systemic imbalances, per capita GDP dipped from $444 in 1997 to $430 in 2004, even while poverty levels actually escalated.
The bulk of really has been Nigeria’s overdependence on oil and gas exports that fetched it an estimated $600 billion in the last five decades, but made little difference to the non-oil sector, which floundered in the climate of policy negligence and inadequate financial and technical support. The thrust of Nigeria’s renewed economic objectives must be on entrepreneurship development, taking into mind its mammoth human resource capability, and in a fashion that makes inclusive yet rapidly accelerated economic growth possible. Weaning away being hooked on non-renewable resources with the simultaneous promotion of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is crucial to achieving both the 2020 objective and Nigeria’s Millennium Development Goals.
MSMEs have been a major contributor to the rapid growth regarding your multitude of economies around the world, historically beginning with the UK and America to gradually Europe, Latin America and lately in considerable parts of South and East Asia. Currently, more than 90% of all enterprises in the world are estimated to be MSMEs, accounting for up to 80% of total employment prospects. In OECD countries, the MSME Registration Process in India component is as high as 97% of total business activity, contributing between 40% and 60% of GDP1 in member countries. These statistics hide quite a lot of ideas for Nigeria, in the context of the economic development targets.
First among them could be the fact that wholesome MSME growth is fundamental to the expansion of rural economies as part of sustained macroeconomic development. MSMEs comprise a diverse mix of agriculture-based, production, services and trade sectors; classified on the basis of asset value and employee base on a given scale of maximum and minimum scores each counts. They often represent an extreme variety when it comes to of size and structure, right from rural artisan guilds, through small machine shops to emerging software and IT firms. May well by definition dynamic and comprise a wide connected with growth-oriented skill sets, with special needs in comparison to its innovative solutions, technology and equipment and knowledge up-gradation. The central requirement in promoting them, however, is the development of a viable market with built-in ease of access for small and medium enterprises.
At the policy level, Nigeria has taken proactive steps to promote MSME initiatives, the most notable being a legislative amendment that requires commercial banks operating in the country to set aside 10% of pre-tax profits for investment in smaller businesses. Both the IMF and World Bank currently run separate outreach programmes to aid Nigerian micro-financing through tailored procedures for streamlining credit evaluation and monitoring micro-loans. The effectiveness of these measures has been borne out to some extent by recent developments.
In June this year, the Nigerian government announced the disbursement of $20 million2 in small-scale industry loans. This is a substantial achievement considering it multiplied out of the $8.4 billion initial World Bank grant to the sector in 2006. Policy makers negotiated the habitually poor access to loan and equity capital in Nigeria with the introduction most recent micro-financial institutions that afforded wider and deeper funding solutions.
Despite this initial euphoria, the overall Nigerian MSME productivity and growth potential remains acutely small. Business development services in order to be generally underdeveloped in terms of projected potential, and particularly poor in rural areas outside at this point urban focus colleges. Besides inherent infrastructural deficits, MSME growth rates are being further affected by associated with entrepreneurial knowledge, specially the ability to identify rewarding business occasions.